铁路货车转向架交叉杆焊接失效分析

针对交叉杆出现的疲劳断裂,开展了扫描电镜及焊接工艺试验验证分析,得到了由于焊偏引起的未熔合是造成交叉杆疲劳断裂的主要原因.同时,通过工艺试验,提出了进一步优化焊接接头设计,减小根部间隙更容易得到熔合良好的焊接接头的建议.     

基于乘客群体特征的城市轨道交通满意度研究

为提高城市轨道交通服务质量、优化乘客乘车体验、提升城市轨道交通在公共交通中的竞争力，对城市轨道交通乘客满意度开展研究。首先，选取乘客特征因素，引入皮尔逊积矩相关系数来分析乘客满意度与乘客特征因素的相关关系，提取对满意度存在显著影响的乘客特征因素。然后，运用主成分分析法刻画乘客群体特征，据此对乘客进行分类，并采用克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验法来分析其满意度的差异性。基于此，对某城市地铁A号线2019年乘客满意度调查数据进行了分析，结果显示：地铁A号线乘客的出行频率、出行目的和收入水平与乘客满意度显著相关。通过主成分分析将乘客划分为常乘客与非常乘客，发现两者对城市轨道交通服务的关注点不同，常乘客更关注乘车效率，非常乘客更关注信息指引准确性，运营单位应针对不同乘客群体展开差异性服务。     

基于改进SLP方法的铁路物流中心布局规划研究

铁路物流中心是铁路货运与外界连接的枢纽,其内部布局关系货物在其中运转的效率,对整个铁路货运的流畅性有着至关重要的影响。本文在对铁路物流中心功能分区的基础上,对功能区布局方法进行对比分析,提出基于改进SLP的功能区布局方法,以相互关系最大和总体搬运成本最小为优化目标,对几何和功能两方面进行约束,建立多目标优化模型,运用NSGA-Ⅱ进行求解,得到最优方案解集,最后运用AHP模糊综合评价方法进行评价对比,选出最优布局方案。并以S市铁路物流中心为案例,验证了方法的科学性和可行性。     

“小黄帽”志愿者服务精神打造鹭城文明景观

2008年,厦门公交集团有限公司成立了“学雷锋志愿服务队”。2013年这支志愿服务队伍创新升级为“小黄帽”文明交通志愿服务队,并设计了“小黄帽”专属的卡通人物形象安安和巴叔,创作了主题曲《爱暖这座城》。2014年底,“小黄帽”志愿服务队以总分第三名的成绩通过团市委“一团一品一特色”答辩,成为厦门市重点培育的十支专业志愿者队伍之一。目前,这支队伍共有成员1600多人,大多数是一线公交车、出租车和网约车驾驶员。     

车务可视化信息系统设计与实现

车务可视化信息系统通过三维模型及虚拟漫游的展现形式,将铁路运行及运营的动态信息进行集成和柔性展示,实现旅客服务信息及运输管理相关数据的整合,通过可视化的展现方式既方便旅客及管理人员,又充分展示铁路信息化建设的成果。     

基于Ansys的矩形加筋平盖封头强度评定

将有限元方法与分析设计相结合,利用有限元分析软件Ansys对一种矩形加筋平盖封头进行强度评定。本文首先介绍瓶盖封头结构的改进。然后建立有限元模型,并进行应力求解。结果表明,此加筋平盖封头满足强度要求,与普通平盖封头相比,减小了平盖的厚度,降低了结构总重量,对平盖封头的结构改进设计具有一定指导作用。     

在建盾构隧道突发管片破损病害成因分析及治理措施研究北大核心CSCD

盾构法广泛应用于我国城市轨道交通隧道的建设中,盾构管片的病害问题也越发受到重视。文章针对某地铁在建盾构隧道突发管片破损病害,绘制了管片破损病害展布图,分析了相关资料和检测数据,明确了病害的成因机理,制定并实施了相应治理措施。研究结果表明:管片背后大范围空洞导致围岩对隧道的约束不足,引起已成型隧道在盾构机反推力和扭矩、同步注浆浆液浮力、刀盘水土压力和扭矩等作用下发生类压杆弯扭失稳是导致该病害的主要原因;隧道变形监测数据表明"背后注浆填充+破损部位修复"两阶段治理措施取得了良好的治理效果;盾构隧道施工过程中,应严格管控同步注浆质量,防止隧道轴线偏移引起盾构管片发生开裂破损等病害。     

A stochastic analysis of highway capacity: Empirical evidence and implications

This paper presents a stochastic characterization of highway capacity and explores its implications on ramp metering control at the corridor level. The stochastic variation of highway capacity is captured through a Space–Time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (STARIMA) model. It is identified following a Seasonal STARIMA model (0, 0, 2₃) × (0, 1, 0)₂, which indicates that the capacities of adjacent locations are spatially–temporally correlated. Hourly capacity patterns further verify the stochastic nature of highway capacity. The goal of this paper is to study (1) how to take advantage of the extra information, such as capacity variation, and (2) what benefits can be gained from stochastic capacity modeling. The implication of stochastic capacity is investigated through a ramp metering case study. A mean–standard deviation formulation of capacity is proposed to achieve the trade-off between traffic operation efficiency and robustness. Following that, a modified stochastic capacity-constraint ZONE ramp metering scheme embedded cell transmission model algorithm is introduced. The numerical experiment suggests that considering capacity variation information would alleviate the spillback effect and improve throughput. Monte Carlo simulation further supports this argument. This study helps verify and characterize the stochastic nature of capacity, validates the benefits of using capacity variation information, and thus enhances the necessity of implementing stochastic capacity in traffic operation.     

The identification and empirical characterization of vehicular (Lagrangian) fundamental diagrams in multilane traffic flow

Traditional macroscopic traffic flow modeling framework adopts the spatial–temporal coordinate system to analyze traffic flow dynamics. With such modeling and analysis paradigm, complications arise for traffic flow data collected from mobile sensors such as probe vehicles equipped with mobile phones, Bluetooth, and Global Positioning System devices. The vehicle‐based measurement technologies call for new modeling thoughts that address the unique features of moving measurements and explore their full potential. In this paper, we look into the concept of vehicular fundamental diagram (VFD) and discuss its engineering implications. VFD corresponds to a conventional fundamental diagram (FD) in the kinematic wave (KW) theory that adopts space–time coordinates. Similar to the regular FD in the KW theory, VFD encapsulates all traffic flow dynamics. In this paper, to demonstrate the full potential of VFD in interpreting multilane traffic flow dynamics, we generalize the classical Edie's formula and propose a direct approach of reconstructing VFD from traffic measurements in the vehicular coordinates. A smoothing algorithm is proposed to effectively reduce the nonphysical fluctuation of traffic states calculated from multilane vehicle trajectories. As an example, we apply the proposed methodology to explore the next‐generation simulation datasets and identify the existence and forms of shock waves in different coordinate systems. Our findings provide empirical justifications and further insight for the Lagrangian traffic flow theory and models when applied in practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modeling the interactions between car and bicycle in heterogeneous traffic

In this paper, a new cellular automata model is proposed to simulate the car and bicycle heterogeneous traffic on urban road. To capture the complex interactions between these two types of vehicles, a novel occupancy rule is adopted in the proposed model to consider the variable lateral distances of mixed vehicular traffic. Based on massive simulations, microscopic fundamental diagrams under different bicycle densities are devised. With these, the bicycle's spilling behavior is then investigated and discussed. In order to reflect the interference of a bicycle on a car, the interference transformation from friction state to block state is modeled explicitly. Finally, different simulation results under different occupancy rules indicate that the constant and fixed occupancy rule adopted in the previous studies might lead to overestimation of car flux in the heterogeneous traffic flows with different bicycle densities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.